MRI TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS

An MRI of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) provides detailed imaging of both the jaw joint and its surrounding soft tissue structures. As the gold standard in temporomandibular joint MRI radiology, it allows accurate assessment of disc displacement, internal derangement, arthritis, and inflammation—crucial for both diagnosis and treatment planning. 

What is MRI of the TMJ? (MRI Temporomandibular Joint) 

MRI temporomandibular joint scans use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create high-resolution images of: 

• The articular disc 
• The mandibular condyle 
• The temporomandibular fossa 
• Surrounding muscles and ligaments 

This scan is unique because it can visualise the articular disc in both closed and open mouth positions, a key advantage in the temporomandibular joint MRI protocol. 

Standard temporomandibular joint MRI protocol includes imaging in both jaw positions using: 

• T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences 
• Proton density images 
• Fat-suppressed imaging 
• Optional dynamic or cine sequences 
• Contrast-enhanced MRI, if infection, tumour, or inflammation is suspected 

The MRI temporomandibular joint scan is typically used to: 

• Assess disc position and integrity 
• Identify joint effusion, synovitis, or inflammation 
• Detect early degenerative changes 
• Rule out cysts, tumours, or other pathologies 
• Track healing after surgery or physical therapy 

When and Who Needs This MRI Temporomandibular Joint Scan? 

Indications: 

• Chronic TMJ pain or dysfunction 
• Audible clicking, popping, or jaw locking 
• Suspected disc displacement with or without reduction 
• Limited or restricted mouth opening 
• Persistent headaches, bruxism, or facial pain 
• Possible arthritis or degenerative changes 
• Preoperative evaluation before TMJ procedures 

Benefits of the MRI Temporomandibular Joint Scan

• Non-invasive with no radiation exposure 
• Clear, accurate visualisation of soft tissues 
• Essential for diagnosing internal derangement 
• Simultaneous imaging of both TMJs 
• Critical tool in MRI temporomandibular joint radiology 

Conditions Diagnosed during MRI Temporomandibular Joint Test

• Disc displacement with/without reduction 
• TMJ arthritis 
• Synovitis or joint effusion 
• Degenerative joint disease 
• Internal derangement 
• Ankylosis 
• Tumours or cysts 

• No specific preparation required 
• Do not wear metal accessories during the scan 
• Inform technician of any braces, implants, or prior TMJ surgery 
• A positioning device may be used to hold the mouth open during scanning 

Pre-requisites 

• Referral or prescription from a doctor 
• Creatinine test, if a contrast-enhanced scan is advised 
• Medical history review, especially for previous TMJ treatments or surgeries 

Best Time to Perform MRI Temporomandibular Joint 

• Persistent or worsening jaw pain 
• Presence of clicking, locking, or limited jaw movement 
• For preoperative planning 
• When symptoms do not improve with conservative care 

Eligibility 

• Suitable for most patients 
• Caution required for patients with metal implants, braces, or severe claustrophobia 
• Not commonly performed during pregnancy unless medically necessary 

Procedure for MRI Temporomandibular Joint 

• Patient lies flat on the MRI table 
• A dedicated TMJ coil is placed over the jaw area 
• Sequences are captured with the mouth closed and then open 
• The procedure takes about 30–45 minutes 
• Contrast may be injected if inflammation or mass is suspected 

Caution 

• Braces or dental implants can cause image distortion 
• Inform staff about any implants, allergies, or jaw pain beforehand 
• Discuss sedation or open MRI options if you are claustrophobic