URINE ANALYSIS

Urine analysis is also known as urinalysis and it is a low-level risk invasive test that does not require a great deal of preparation on the part of the patient. The urine is a waste product that yields information about several conditions and can be used for diagnosis or even following the course of several conditions. Analyzing the composition of urine, the physician is able to assess both the status of the urinary tract and kidneys and certain other organs, which helps in diagnosing infections, metabolic disorders and renal diseases. The test is usually of a routine nature and it is often performed in all the patients during general health examinations. 

In the urine analysis test, several components and properties of urine are investigated which includes, but not limited to the physical characteristics of the urine, its chemical, and its microscopic content. The relation distinguishing health variables assessed in this test are leukocytes or white blood cells, red blood cells, proteins, glucose, ketones, nitrites, bilirubin, and urobilinogen. Specific ion concentrations such as concentration of calcium and phosphate can be performed. These parameters assist in diagnosing conditions like dehydration, urinary tract infection (UTI), renal complications, as well as diabetes. 

To this day, urine analysis is very widely integrated in clinical practice and is seen in a variety of cases. It is done especially when a patient has symptoms of painful urination, back pain, frequent urination, or if change of urine color and odor has occurred. Health care practitioners for one reason or another include urine test for routine check up of some patients, especially of those who have diabetic and/or hypertensive problems. Urinalysis is common for pregnant women for the sake of her own wellbeing and the fetus. The same test aids in assessing the efficient performance of the kidney and supervision of chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension. 

Urine analysis is a relatively simple, non-invasive, and safe test that has no significant physical risks associated with it. However, there possible limitations and considerations which may affect its result. Sample contamination, poor urine preservation, and post-collection delays may all lead to inaccurate results. Many kinds of medication, nutritional supplements, and a diet comprising of excessive amounts of certain foods can alter the chemical composition resulting in false positives or negatives. Therefore, it is important to mention such aspects to a healthcare provider before the testing. 

During a urine analysis, a number of different parameters are analyzed such as: 

• Physical Properties: The color, clarity, and odor of the urine. 
• Chemical Properties: The pH, specific gravity, and any presence of glucose, ketones, nitrites, proteins, bilirubin, or urobilinogen. 
• Microscopic Properties: Any presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, casts, bacteria, yeast, or crystals. Such parameters are useful in diagnosing metabolic diseases and systemic diseases of the kidneys and urinary system. 

There is a need for this test for people who display certain symptoms like fever of unknown origin, pain in the abdomen or any changes in the pattern or frequency of urination. It is often recommended for people with a family history of kidney disorders, diabetes, and any disorders involving the bladder. People who are on some new medication or have been cautioned about the possibility of their kidney being affected must also periodically use this test to check the function of their kidneys. It helps kidney patients and those undergoing routine medical checks ups. 

The major benefit of performing a urinalysis is that it provides early detection of certain or any disorder(s) and this assists in quick or timely corrective measures. Most illnesses which primarily affect the kidneys and health of the urinary system can be diagnosed using urinalysis; specific kidney diseases, infections, dehydration, and certain metabolic diseases like and including diabetes and pre-diabetes. Periodical checks through this examination help in the control of chronic ailments and even complicated conditions which may arise. As a standard test, urinalysis helps in the practice of preventive medicine and medical care in general. 

As per the experts, Urine analysis can investigate and help in surveillance of several diseases such as: 

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) 
• Urinary calculus 
• Diabetes and borderline diabetic 
• Diabetic renal disease 
• Hepatic disorder 
• Bladder infection or irritation 
• Glomerular disease 

Prerequisites: Usually, heavy exertion, drug, sensitizing food or colored food like beets and berries before the test is advisable but not fasting. 

Eligibility: Expectant mothers have to take a analysis of urine with the expectation that there are no other health problems despite the age. 

Procedure for Taking the Test: A clean sterile cup can be obtained from the healthcare facility for urine collection. It is best to collect the first-morning urine (the most concentrated). The midstream portion is commonly used to avoid contamination. 

Caution Before the Test: Menstrual period stands as a time women should avoid taking urinalysis because the blood can interfere with the results. Make sure the caregiver knows about any medications or supplements you take.