MRI PROSTATE

In synergy with other clinical assessments such as evaluating PSA levels and analysing biopsy results, MRI of the Prostate contributes to the detection, diagnosis, and cancer staging processes. It’s crucial to note that this method is non-invasive and its accuracy complements each clinical finding. It further augments imaging accuracy when paired with PSA levels and biopsy outcomes. The detection of prostate cancer is significantly aided through this process. 

What is a Prostate MRI Scan Used For? 

Additionally, the utilization of powerful magnets and radio waves enable the production of detailed Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, and the contiguous soft tissues to be broken down into multi-planar images. This process not only grants stellar functional and anatomical analysis but also permits exceptional imaging as well. 

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI): 

• T2-weighted images (anatomical detail) 
• DWI (cell density, for neoplasm detection) 
• Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping 
• Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE) 
• Optional: MR spectroscopy (not commonly done) 

• To see if prostate cancer exists, at the same time, being able to confidently establish the diagnosis. 
• Reasons include guiding the biopsy toward suspicious lesions. 
• Avoid performing unnecessary biopsies on patients who are low risk. 
• Check if cancer has metastasized outside the gland.  
• Keep track of cancer under active surveillance. 

When and Who Needs a Prostate MRI Test? 

Indications: 

• Elevated PSA levels with or without a negative biopsy performed previously. 
• Suspected prostate cancer with local staging prior to surgical intervention. 
• Active surveillance protocols in low-risk prostate cancer. 
• Preparing for MRI-guided or fusion biopsy. 
• Assess recurrence or complications after treatment. 

Negatives: 

• Men 50 years and older with abnormal direct prostate examination findings. 
• Testosterone patients with elevated PSA levels or personal/professional pedigree for prostate cancer. 
• Individuals with urinary symptoms or suspected complications from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 

Benefits of an MRI Prostate Scan

• Sensitive and specific for detecting significant cancer.  
• Detection of clinically relevant cancer is very sensitive and specific.  
• Can reduce unnecessary surgical biopsies.  
• Aids guided surgery and other precise treatments.  
• Non-invasive and free from radiation.  

Conditions Diagnosed with a Prostate MRI Scan

• Prostate cancer Cancerous suspicious lesions classified using PIRADS. 
• BPH (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia) Urinary symptoms due to enlarged prostate gland. 
• Prostatitis Prostate Inflammation or infection. 
• Seminal vesicle involvement Malignancy beyond prostate region. 
• Post-surgical recurrence Malignancy evaluation after treatment. 

• Light meals okay 4-6 hours before the scan.  
• Enema or laxative can be prescribed the previous evening.  
• Bring previous reports such as PSA, biopsy results as well as empty bladder before the scan.  
• Previous reports including PSA level and biopsy result. 

Pre-requisites:  

• GP's referral.  
• Valid PSA results.  
• PSA Test Results if available.  
• State if there are any implants or history of surgery on prostate. 

Best Time to Perform a Prostate MRI Test 

• Following raised PSA and/or abnormal DRE findings.  
• Before/After prostate biopsy.  
• While actively monitoring treatment or during planning. 

Eligibility for a Prostate MRI Scan 

• No serious illness so safe for majority of adults. 
• Use of contrast should only be applied in very specific scenarios.  
• Patients with extreme renal dysfunction should not be contrasted. 

What Happens During the MRI Prostate Scan Procedure 

• Patients lie supine on the MRI table. A coil is placed over the pelvic region.  
• Total scan time is between half an hour to 45 minutes.  
• Contrast may be injected via an IV.  
• The patient will maintain as little movement as possible during the exam.  
• The radiologist assesses the prostate with a PIRADS scoring system. 

Safety Tips and Caution for a Prostate MRI Test 

• Relay any issues related to kidneys, metallic implants, or claustrophobia.  
• Adhere to directions concerning bowel preparation and fasting.  
• As a prior, prepared a patient using an enema may induce some discomfort.