MRI CV JUNCTION

Introduction 

MRI CV Junction examines the junction between the skull base and the upper cervical spine, specifically the occiput, atlas (C1), and axis (C2). Its unique anatomical structure as well as the presence of significant neural and vascular components makes this region crucial.  

What is a CV Junction MRI Scan? 

MRI of CV junction utilizes powerful magnets and radio waves to capture precise images of the bones, ligaments, spinal cord, brainstem, and soft tissue within and around the craniovertebral junction. Of particular importance is visualization of pathologies affecting soft tissue, ligaments, and neural structures that are not readily identifiable through X-ray or CT. 

• T1 and T2 weighed sequences.  
• STIR or fat suppressed images.  
• Sagittal, axial and coronal views.  
• Post contrast sequences if needed.  

• Persistent for upper neck pain with no known reason.  
• Weakness, numbness, or ataxia in limbs.  
• Possible compression of spinal cord or brain stem.  
• Assess for congenital anomalies or assess effect of trauma. 

When and Who Needs a CV Junction MRI Test? 

Indications: 

• Congenital deformities such as referred to as “basilar invagination” or “atlantoaxial instability.” 
• Rheumatoid arthritis with probable atlantoaxial subluxation.  
• Injuries due to trauma post (fractures, ligamentous injury).  
• Neurological issues including dizziness, weakness, or tingling.  
• Possible Chiari malformation or syringomyelia.  
• Tumours or other lesions in the vicinity of the foramen magnum.  

Patient Demographics: 

• Paediatric patients with diagnosed congenital syndromes.  
• Adults suffering from neck pain accompanied by neurologic deficits.  
• Patients afflicted with autoimmune arthritis.  
• Trauma patients with upper cervical spine involvement.  
• Patients who have tumours in the posterior fossa or issues with the cranial nerves.  

Benefits of CV Junction MRI Scan

• Clear delineation of soft tissues 
• Ligaments, spinal cord, and brainstem are clearly seen 
• Able to see structural compression, instability, or malformations 
• Absence of radiation exposure 
• Guides decisions in surgery 

Conditions Diagnosed with CV Junction MRI Test

• Atlantoaxial instability or subluxation 
• Basilar invagination 
• X-ray or CT linkage (optional) 
• Chiari I and II malformation 
• Compression of the spinal cord 
• Damage to ligaments 
• Neoplasia and cystic lesions 
• Syringomyelia or hydrocephalus 
• Infectious or inflammatory processes 

• No metal can be present 
• Dietary intake is unrestricted 
• Surgical implants or clips must be reported 

Pre-requisites for MRI CV Junction Test 

• Clinical consult must be accompanied by symptom presentation 
• Renal function evaluation necessary in the event of contrast usage 

Best time to Perform MRI CV Junction Test 

• Neuro symptoms indicating the upper cervical spinal cord involvement 
• Post cervical spine injury 
• Prior to corrective surgery on spine/ skull base 
• If congenital structural abnormalities are presumed 

Eligibility for CV Junction MRI Scan 

• Transverses all ages, requiring sedation for younger patients (children) 
• Absence of MRI hostile devices 
• Assess for allergy to contrast if warranted 

CV Junction MRI Scan Procedure 

To be performed in an adequately ventilated room. The patient is positioned in a supine posture on the MRI table. 

• The head and the neck are fixed to decrease body movement 
• Grade axial, sagittal, and coronal views along with multiple sequence run of MRI. 
• If a lesion is suspected, contrast material may be injected. 
• Scanning Duration: Between 30 to 45 minutes 

Caution During CV Junction MRI Scan 

• Patients must refrain from moving to prevent blurred imaging. 
• Contrast materials should only be used if considered essential for the procedure. 
• Claustrophobic individuals should inform the operator well in advance.