GTT (GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST)

The GTT is an exam that determines how well your body can control blood sugar levels. Additionally, it enables specialists to diagnose and manage patients who have diabetes, hypoglycaemia or insulin resistance. It is therefore important since it identifies individuals who may be at risk of developing such conditions thus intervening early enough. 

The GTT is simple: a patient takes in a sweet drink containing glucose and then tests his/her blood for this substance through different periods of time. This way, doctors can determine how well the body controls blood sugar levels. 

GTT assesses how the body manages blood glucose levels after consuming glucose. It measures: 

1. Blood fasting glucose levels 

2. Blood sugar level after taking glucose for 1-2 hours. 

3. Insulin production and usage in your body. 

Glucose Tolerance test is usually taken to  

1. Diagnose diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance 

2. Monitor blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes 

3. Screen for insulin resistance 

4. Identify individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes 

The GTT is a relatively safe test, but it does have some risks and limitations: 

Risks: 

1. Nausea or stomach discomfort after consuming the sugary drink 

2. Allergic reaction to the sugary drink (rare) 

Limitations: 

1. May not accurately diagnose diabetes in individuals with certain medical conditions (e.g. kidney disease) 

2. May require repeat testing for accurate results 

In this GTT test, medical professionals look at: 

1. Fasting blood sugar levels 

2. Blood sugar levels between 20 and 120 minutes after a glucose ingestion. 

3. Insulin (optional) 

4. Lipid profiles (optional) 

 These parameters help in the diagnosis and management of diseases such as diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. 

The GTT is recommended for individuals who are: 

1. At risk of developing type 2 diabetes (e.g. family history, obesity, physical inactivity) 

2. Experiencing symptoms of diabetes (e.g. increased thirst, urination, fatigue) 

3. Diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance 

4. Pregnant and at risk of gestational diabetes 

GTT has various benefits including: 

1. Early detection and treatment of diabetes and impaired fasting glycemia. 

2. Better blood sugar control among people living with diabetes. 

3. Identification of those at risk for type 2 diabetes. 

4. Reduced chances complications related to it such as kidney diseases and heart diseases. 

GTT can diagnose conditions such as; 

1. Diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational) 

2. Impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) 

3. Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) 

4. Polyuria (passing large amounts of urine) 

5. Polydipsia (drinking large amounts of fluid) 

1. Fast for 8–12 hours before the glucose tolerance test. 

2. Eat a normal diet with sufficient carbs beforehand. 

3. Wear comfortable clothing, stay hydrated, and bring entertainment. 

4. Follow your doctor’s instructions, and plan for transportation if you feel fatigued afterward. 

Prerequisites: It should be noted that the patient must be made to fast (for at least 8 hours without food). 

Eligibility: The test is open to people of all ages but may not be suitable for individuals with specific conditions such as kidney disease.

Procedure of Taking the Test: 

1. Arrive at the test centre having taken no meal for about 8 hours 

2. You should drink a sugary drink containing glucose 

3. Blood glucose levels are checked at different intervals 

4. Keep on sitting relaxed during the whole testing process 

Caution Before the Test: 

1. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any allergies or medical problems 

2. Avoid taking any food or drinks for a minimum of eight hours before undergoing the test. 

3. Refrain from engaging in hard labour or participating in rigorous physical activities prior to taking your exam